Web Scraping for Beginners: Sell Data as a Service

Web Scraping for Beginners: Sell Data as a Service

As a developer, you’re likely aware of the power of web scraping in extracting valuable data from websites. But have you ever considered selling this data as a service? In this article, we’ll walk you through the steps of web scraping for beginners and explore the monetization opportunities that come with it.

Step 1: Choose Your Target Website

The first step in web scraping is to identify the website you want to scrape. This could be a website that provides valuable data such as stock prices, weather forecasts, or social media metrics. For this example, let’s use the website https://www.example.com.

Step 2: Inspect the Website’s HTML Structure

To scrape a website, you need to understand its HTML structure. Use your browser’s developer tools to inspect the website’s HTML elements. Identify the elements that contain the data you want to scrape. For example, if you want to scrape the website’s headings, you would look for <h1>, <h2>, etc. elements.

Step 3: Write Your Web Scraping Code

Now it’s time to write your web scraping code. You can use a programming language like Python or JavaScript to write your scraper. For this example, we’ll use Python with the requests and BeautifulSoup libraries.

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

# Send a GET request to the website
url = "https://www.example.com"
response = requests.get(url)

# If the GET request is successful, the status code will be 200
if response.status_code == 200:
    # Get the content of the response
    page_content = response.content

    # Create a BeautifulSoup object and specify the parser
    soup = BeautifulSoup(page_content, 'html.parser')

    # Find all the headings on the webpage
    headings = soup.find_all(['h1', 'h2', 'h3', 'h4', 'h5', 'h6'])

    # Print out the headings
    for heading in headings:
        print(heading.text)

Step 4: Handle Anti-Scraping Measures

Some websites have anti-scraping measures in place to prevent bots from scraping their data. These measures can include CAPTCHAs, rate limiting, and IP blocking. To handle these measures, you can use techniques such as:

  • Rotating user agents to make your scraper look like a real browser
  • Adding delays between requests to avoid rate limiting
  • Using a proxy service to rotate IP addresses

python
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import random
import time

# List of user agents
user_agents = [
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.103 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:53.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/53.0'
]

# Choose a random user agent
user_agent = random.choice(user_agents)

# Send a GET request to the website
url = "https://www.example.com"
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

# If the GET request is successful, the status code will be 200
if response.status_code == 200:
    # Get the content of the response
    page_content = response.content

    # Create a BeautifulSoup object and specify the

Stop Using Cosine for Everything: 5 Distance Metrics That Unlock Hidden Powers in Your Vector Database

Everyone uses cosine similarity. Tutorials use it. Frameworks default to it. If you ask “which distance metric should I use?”, the answer is always “cosine, probably.”

But here is the thing: your vector database supports other metrics. And those metrics unlock use cases that cosine literally cannot handle.

This is not a math lecture. This is a practical guide. Five metrics, five real-world problems, working code you can run in two minutes. By the end, you will look at your vector database differently.

A quick mental model (no math degree required)

Before we dive in, let’s build some intuition. Imagine you have two arrows on a piece of paper:

Cosine asks: “Do these arrows point in the same direction?” It does not care how long they are.

Euclidean asks: “How far apart are the tips of these arrows?” It cares about both direction and length.

Dot Product asks: “Do they point the same way, AND are they both strong signals?” Direction plus intensity.

Hamming asks: “How many switches are flipped differently between these two?” It works on binary on/off data.

Jaccard asks: “How much overlap is there between these two sets?” It works on yes/no memberships.

That is it. Five different questions, five different superpowers. Let’s see them in action.

Setup

pip install velesdb

One line. No Docker. No API keys. VelesDB is an embedded database written in Rust (~6MB binary). It runs in your process.

import velesdb

db = velesdb.Database("./my_data")

1. Cosine: the one you already know (but maybe not why)

The question it answers: “Are these two things about the same topic?”

Cosine measures the angle between two vectors. If two documents are about machine learning, their embedding vectors will point in roughly the same direction, regardless of document length. A 280-character tweet and a 10-page paper about the same topic will score high.

collection = db.create_collection("articles", dimension=4, metric="cosine")

# Simulated embeddings: [tech, science, cooking, sports]
collection.upsert([
    {"id": 1, "vector": [0.9, 0.8, 0.0, 0.0], "payload": {"title": "Introduction to Machine Learning"}},
    {"id": 2, "vector": [0.8, 0.9, 0.0, 0.0], "payload": {"title": "Neural Networks Explained"}},
    {"id": 3, "vector": [0.0, 0.1, 0.9, 0.8], "payload": {"title": "Best Pasta Recipes"}},
    {"id": 4, "vector": [0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.9], "payload": {"title": "World Cup 2026 Preview"}},
    {"id": 5, "vector": [0.7, 0.6, 0.0, 0.1], "payload": {"title": "Deep Learning for Beginners"}},
])

results = collection.search(vector=[0.85, 0.75, 0.0, 0.0], top_k=3)
score=1.000  Introduction to Machine Learning
score=0.994  Deep Learning for Beginners
score=0.993  Neural Networks Explained

All three AI articles cluster together. Pasta and football? Nowhere close. This is cosine’s sweet spot: semantic similarity where you care about topic, not intensity.

When to use cosine: semantic search, document similarity, FAQ matching, any text embedding comparison.

2. Euclidean: the anomaly hunter

The question it answers: “How far is this point from what’s normal?”

Here is where it gets interesting. Imagine IoT sensors on a factory floor, each sending readings every minute: temperature, pressure, humidity, vibration. Normal readings cluster in a tight neighborhood. An anomaly is a point that is physically far from the cluster.

Cosine would miss this. Why? Because a reading of [78C, 985hPa, 12%, 4.8g] could point in a similar direction to [22C, 1013hPa, 45%, 0.3g]. Same general “shape” of data, vastly different magnitudes. Cosine says “similar.” Euclidean says “these are 70 units apart, something is on fire.”

collection = db.create_collection("sensors", dimension=4, metric="euclidean")

# Sensor: [temperature_C, pressure_hPa, humidity_%, vibration_g]
collection.upsert([
    {"id": 1, "vector": [22.0, 1013.0, 45.0, 0.3], "payload": {"status": "normal", "time": "08:00"}},
    {"id": 2, "vector": [22.5, 1012.5, 47.0, 0.3], "payload": {"status": "normal", "time": "09:00"}},
    {"id": 3, "vector": [21.8, 1013.5, 44.0, 0.4], "payload": {"status": "normal", "time": "10:00"}},
    {"id": 4, "vector": [23.0, 1012.0, 46.0, 0.3], "payload": {"status": "normal", "time": "11:00"}},
    {"id": 5, "vector": [78.0, 985.0, 12.0, 4.8],  "payload": {"status": "ANOMALY", "time": "11:15"}},
])

results = collection.search(vector=[22.0, 1013.0, 45.0, 0.3], top_k=5)
distance=  0.00  08:00 - normal
distance=  1.14  10:00 - normal
distance=  1.73  11:00 - normal
distance=  2.12  09:00 - normal
distance= 70.92  11:15 - ANOMALY  *** ALERT ***

Normal readings are all within distance 0-2 of each other. The anomaly is at distance 70. That is not a subtle difference. That is a fire alarm.

When to use euclidean: anomaly detection, IoT monitoring, fraud detection, anything where the absolute values matter, not just the direction.

3. Dot Product: the smart recommender

The question it answers: “Is this relevant to me, and how confident are you?”

Dot product is cosine’s bigger sibling. Cosine only looks at direction. Dot product looks at direction AND magnitude. Think of it this way: two movies can both be sci-fi (same direction), but a critically acclaimed blockbuster has a “louder” embedding signal than a forgettable B-movie.

With cosine, they would score equally. With dot product, quality rises to the top.

collection = db.create_collection("movies", dimension=4, metric="dotproduct")

# Dimensions: [sci_fi, action, drama, comedy]
# Higher magnitude = stronger signal / higher quality
collection.upsert([
    {"id": 1, "vector": [0.95, 0.80, 0.30, 0.05], "payload": {"title": "Interstellar", "rating": 8.7}},
    {"id": 2, "vector": [0.40, 0.35, 0.10, 0.02], "payload": {"title": "Low-Budget Sci-Fi B-Movie", "rating": 3.2}},
    {"id": 3, "vector": [0.85, 0.90, 0.20, 0.10], "payload": {"title": "The Matrix", "rating": 8.7}},
    {"id": 4, "vector": [0.05, 0.05, 0.10, 0.95], "payload": {"title": "Comedy Special", "rating": 7.0}},
    {"id": 5, "vector": [0.70, 0.60, 0.50, 0.05], "payload": {"title": "Blade Runner 2049", "rating": 8.0}},
])

results = collection.search(vector=[0.9, 0.8, 0.1, 0.0], top_k=5)
score=1.525  Interstellar (rating: 8.7)
score=1.505  The Matrix (rating: 8.7)
score=1.160  Blade Runner 2049 (rating: 8.0)
score=0.650  Low-Budget Sci-Fi B-Movie (rating: 3.2)
score=0.095  Comedy Special (rating: 7.0)

Notice: the B-movie is sci-fi (same direction as Interstellar), but it ranks way below because its embedding magnitude is weaker. Dot product naturally surfaces quality. This is why recommendation systems at scale often prefer it over cosine.

When to use dot product: recommendation engines, search ranking where content quality matters, any case where you want relevance weighted by confidence.

4. Hamming: the duplicate detective

The question it answers: “How many bits are different between these two?”

This one is completely different from the previous three. Hamming works on binary vectors (0s and 1s) and simply counts how many positions differ. It is lightning fast and perfect for one thing: comparing hashes.

Real-world scenario: you run a content platform. Users upload images. You want to detect reposts, even if someone cropped the image, added a filter, or recompressed it. The approach: compute a perceptual hash (pHash) of each image, which produces a binary fingerprint. Near-duplicate images have fingerprints that differ by just a few bits.

collection = db.create_collection("image_hashes", dimension=16, metric="hamming")

# Simulated 16-bit perceptual hashes
collection.upsert([
    {"id": 1, "vector": [1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1],
     "payload": {"file": "sunset_original.jpg", "source": "photographer"}},
    {"id": 2, "vector": [1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0],
     "payload": {"file": "sunset_cropped.jpg", "source": "instagram repost"}},
    {"id": 3, "vector": [1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1],
     "payload": {"file": "sunset_filtered.jpg", "source": "pinterest"}},
    {"id": 4, "vector": [0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0],
     "payload": {"file": "cat_photo.jpg", "source": "original"}},
    {"id": 5, "vector": [1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1],
     "payload": {"file": "sunset_watermarked.jpg", "source": "stock site"}},
])

new_upload = [1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1]  # same as original
results = collection.search(vector=new_upload, top_k=5)
hamming= 0 bits  [DUPLICATE      ]  sunset_original.jpg (photographer)
hamming= 1 bits  [NEAR-DUPLICATE ]  sunset_cropped.jpg (instagram repost)
hamming= 1 bits  [NEAR-DUPLICATE ]  sunset_filtered.jpg (pinterest)
hamming= 1 bits  [NEAR-DUPLICATE ]  sunset_watermarked.jpg (stock site)
hamming=16 bits  [different image]  cat_photo.jpg (original)

Zero to two bits difference? That is the same image with minor modifications. A content moderation bot can flag these in real-time. No ML model needed. No GPU. Just binary comparison at database speed.

When to use hamming: image deduplication, audio fingerprinting, DNA sequence comparison, binary feature matching, plagiarism detection with locality-sensitive hashing.

5. Jaccard: the taste matcher

The question it answers: “How much overlap is there between these two sets?”

Jaccard is beautifully simple: take two sets, divide the size of their intersection by the size of their union. If you and I both like 3 of the same genres out of 4 total unique genres between us, that is 75% Jaccard similarity.

No embeddings. No ML model. No neural network. Just set math.

collection = db.create_collection("user_profiles", dimension=10, metric="jaccard")

# Genres: [action, comedy, sci-fi, horror, drama, romance, thriller, documentary, anime, musical]
collection.upsert([
    {"id": 1, "vector": [1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0],
     "payload": {"user": "Alice", "likes": "action, sci-fi, drama, thriller"}},
    {"id": 2, "vector": [0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1],
     "payload": {"user": "Bob", "likes": "comedy, romance, musical"}},
    {"id": 3, "vector": [1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0],
     "payload": {"user": "Charlie", "likes": "action, sci-fi, horror, thriller, anime"}},
    {"id": 4, "vector": [1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],
     "payload": {"user": "Dave", "likes": "literally everything"}},
    {"id": 5, "vector": [1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0],
     "payload": {"user": "Eve", "likes": "action, sci-fi, documentary"}},
])

results = collection.search(vector=[1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0], top_k=5)
75.0% match  Alice (action, sci-fi, drama, thriller)
50.0% match  Eve (action, sci-fi, documentary)
33.3% match  Charlie (action, sci-fi, horror, thriller, anime)
30.0% match  Dave (literally everything)
 0.0% match  Bob (comedy, romance, musical)

Alice shares 3 out of 4 unique genres with you. Dave likes everything, but his union is 10 genres while the overlap is only 3, so Jaccard penalizes him. Bob has zero overlap. The math is transparent, explainable, and instant.

When to use jaccard: user matching, product tagging, skill matching in recruiting, collaborative filtering, any comparison of categorical membership.

The cheat sheet

Metric Best for Score meaning Think of it as
Cosine Semantic search 1.0 = same topic “Same direction?”
Euclidean Anomaly detection Lower = closer “How far apart?”
Dot Product Recommendations Higher = better match “Same direction + strong signal?”
Hamming Hash comparison Lower = more similar “How many bits differ?”
Jaccard Set overlap 1.0 = identical sets “How much in common?”

The full picture

Choosing the right distance metric is like choosing the right tool. You can hammer a screw into wood, but a screwdriver works better.

Most developers never think about this because most tutorials only show cosine. But the moment you realize that euclidean catches anomalies that cosine misses, or that Jaccard gives you a recommendation engine without any ML, your vector database becomes something much more versatile than a “semantic search box.”

All the code in this article runs as-is. You can grab the complete script from GitHub and try it yourself.

pip install velesdb
python distance_metrics_demo.py

VelesDB is a source-available embedded database (Elastic License 2.0) written in Rust. ~6MB binary, no Docker, no server process, no API keys. Just pip install and go.

Full docs: velesdb.com/en
GitHub: github.com/cyberlife-coder/VelesDB
Python SDK: pypi.org/project/velesdb

What distance metric surprised you the most? Have you used Hamming or Jaccard in a real project? I’d love to hear about it in the comments.

Qdrant Has a Free Vector Database API for AI and Semantic Search

Qdrant is a vector database built for AI applications — semantic search, recommendation systems, and RAG pipelines. REST and gRPC APIs with filtering and payload storage.

Setup

docker run -p 6333:6333 qdrant/qdrant

Create Collection

const response = await fetch('http://localhost:6333/collections/products', {
  method: 'PUT',
  headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
  body: JSON.stringify({
    vectors: { size: 384, distance: 'Cosine' }
  })
});

Index Documents with Embeddings

import { QdrantClient } from '@qdrant/js-client-rest';

const client = new QdrantClient({ url: 'http://localhost:6333' });

// Upsert points with vectors and payload
await client.upsert('products', {
  points: [
    {
      id: 1,
      vector: await getEmbedding('Wireless bluetooth headphones with noise cancellation'),
      payload: { name: 'Headphones', price: 89.99, category: 'audio' }
    },
    {
      id: 2,
      vector: await getEmbedding('Mechanical keyboard with Cherry MX switches'),
      payload: { name: 'Keyboard', price: 129.99, category: 'peripherals' }
    }
  ]
});

Semantic Search

const queryVector = await getEmbedding('good headphones for music');

const results = await client.search('products', {
  vector: queryVector,
  limit: 5,
  filter: {
    must: [{ key: 'price', range: { lte: 100 } }]
  },
  with_payload: true
});
// Returns headphones (semantically similar) under $100

Recommendation API

const recommendations = await client.recommend('products', {
  positive: [1, 5],   // IDs user liked
  negative: [3],       // IDs user disliked
  limit: 10,
  filter: { must: [{ key: 'category', match: { value: 'audio' } }] }
});

REST API

# Search
curl -X POST http://localhost:6333/collections/products/points/search 
  -d '{"vector":[0.1,0.2,...],"limit":5,"filter":{"must":[{"key":"category","match":{"value":"audio"}}]}}'

# Get collection info
curl http://localhost:6333/collections/products

# Scroll through points
curl -X POST http://localhost:6333/collections/products/points/scroll 
  -d '{"limit":10,"with_payload":true}'

Why This Matters

  • Built for AI: First-class support for embeddings and RAG
  • Filtering: Combine vector search with exact filters
  • Payload storage: Store metadata alongside vectors
  • Fast: Written in Rust, optimized for billion-scale

Need custom AI search or vector database tools? I build developer tools. Check out my web scraping actors on Apify or reach out at [email protected] for custom solutions.

CA 34 – Atomicity – Design a Reliable Wallet Transfer System with ACID Guarantees

Today I worked on a wallet system like GPay or PhonePe, where users can send money to each other. The main focus was Atomicity from ACID properties.

Atomicity means “all or nothing”.
If a transaction fails in between, everything should go back to the original state.

Transaction
I wrote a transaction like this

BEGIN;
UPDATE accounts
SET balance = balance - 200
WHERE name = 'Alice';
UPDATE accounts
SET balance = balance + 200
WHERE name = 'Bob';
COMMIT;

Now Testing Failure

I intentionally broke the second query (credit to Bob).

BEGIN;

UPDATE accounts
SET balance = balance - 200
WHERE name = 'Alice';
UPDATE accounts
SET balancee = balance + 200
WHERE name = 'Bob';
COMMIT;

BEGIN – start transaction
Do all operations
If success – COMMIT
If error – ROLLBACK

Atomicity ensures no partial transactions, which is very important in payment systems.

🌱 Eco-Loom: A Sustainability Operations Workspace

This is a submission for the Notion MCP Challenge

What I Built

I built Eco-Loom, a multi-facility sustainability operations workspace that helps teams track carbon emissions without drowning in spreadsheets, scattered documents, and disconnected reporting tools.

The idea came from a simple frustration:

carbon accounting is often treated like a reporting exercise at the end of the month—when it should feel like an operational system teams can use every day.

Eco-Loom turns that process into a live workflow.

Teams can:

  • Capture emissions data
  • Manage a carbon ledger
  • Compare facilities and sites
  • Monitor monthly trends
  • Track sustainability goals
  • Review gap analysis
  • Generate report-ready outputs

All from a single workspace.

The product is designed around visibility and action.

Instead of asking:

“Where did this number come from?”

“Which site is off track?”

Eco-Loom makes those answers visible immediately.

🎥 Video Demo

Try it yourself:

👉 Live Demo Link

Demo Login Credentials:

Video walkthrough:

In the demo, I show how a team can:

  • Log into Eco-Loom and land in a facility-aware sustainability dashboard
  • Switch between sites to see how emissions, trends, and goal health change
  • Review emissions by category, gap analysis, and recent activity
  • Manage carbon-ledger records and see how data feeds reporting workflows
  • Generate reports with facility context included
  • Use the Notion-connected workflow as a collaboration and review layer

💻 Show Us the Code

A key part of the implementation is the company-scoped Notion configuration layer.

Since Eco-Loom is multi-workspace and multi-facility, Notion cannot be treated as a single global integration.

export async function getCompanyNotionConfig(
  companyId: string,
  options: CompanyNotionConfigOptions = {}
) {
  const { createIfMissing = false, adoptLegacy = true } = options;

  const companyConfig = await db.notionConfig.findUnique({
    where: { companyId },
  });

  if (companyConfig) {
    return ensureEncryptedNotionApiKey(companyConfig);
  }

  if (createIfMissing) {
    return db.notionConfig.upsert({
      where: { companyId },
      update: {},
      create: {
        companyId,
        syncEnabled: true,
      },
    });
  }

  return null;
}

That small layer matters because it:

  • Keeps each workspace isolated
  • Makes Notion sync safer
  • Supports a more production-ready sustainability workflow

🔗 How I Used Notion MCP

Notion MCP is one of the most important parts of Eco-Loom.

I used it to connect Eco-Loom with structured Notion databases for:

  • Carbon Ledger
  • Sustainability Goals
  • Reports
  • Facilities / Sites
  • Operations follow-up

This means Notion is not just a note-taking add-on—it becomes the collaboration layer around the product.

With MCP, Eco-Loom can:

  • Sync records into Notion
  • Preserve workspace context
  • Power a custom sustainability operations agent that:
    • Reviews data quality
    • Flags missing fields
    • Detects duplicate risks
    • Prepares monthly follow-ups

⚙️ What This Unlocks

This creates a much stronger workflow:

  • Eco-Loom → structured sustainability system of record
  • Notion → human collaboration and review environment
  • MCP → bridge connecting data, workflows, and reporting

All together, they form a closed operational loop.

🚀 Final Thoughts

In short, Notion MCP helped turn Eco-Loom from a dashboard into a true sustainability operating system.

Algoora: The Competitive Coding Platform That Actually Makes You Want to Practice Algorithms

If you’ve ever opened LeetCode, stared at a problem, and immediately closed your laptop — you’re not alone. Grinding algorithm problems in isolation is brutal. No stakes, no community, no reward loop.

That’s why I built Algoora (https://algoora.vercel.app/) — a competitive coding platform designed to be the place you actually want to show up every day.

What Is Algoora?

Algoora is a free web-based competitive coding platform where developers solve algorithmic problems, compete in live tournaments, collaborate with teams, and earn real rewards for their progress. Built for everyone from curious beginners to engineers prepping for FAANG interviews.

Think LeetCode meets a competitive game — with XP, battle passes, cosmetic unlocks, real-time team sessions, and live competitions that make every session feel like it matters.

Core Features

🧩 Problem Library — Solo & Team Modes

Four difficulty tiers: Easy, Medium, Hard, and Extreme. What makes it different is Team Mode — certain problems are designed for two people. One takes the Coder role (writes the solution), the other takes the Explainer role (guides the logic out loud). Real pair programming, built into the platform.

Every problem includes:

  • Hints and full editorials
  • Time and space complexity breakdowns
  • Company tags (know which firms ask what)
  • Similar problems for topic-based drilling
  • Video solutions on selected problems

⚔️ Live Competitions

Real-time coding tournaments with a live arena, global leaderboard, and time pressure. Race other developers, earn ranking rewards, and get that adrenaline hit of solving a Hard problem with 90 seconds left on the clock.

👥 Teams

Create or join a team, build your roster, and compete together. Teams have dashboards, shared stats, and WebSocket-powered live coding sessions where both teammates see every change in real time.

📈 XP, Levels & Streaks

Every solved problem gives XP. Daily challenges extend your streak. Level up and let your profile show the world how hard you grind.

🏆 Achievements & Badges

A full achievement system — “Solve 100 problems,” “Win your first competition,” “Maintain a 30-day streak.” Badges display publicly on your profile as proof of skill.

🎮 Coding Pass (Battle Pass)

A seasonal battle pass inspired by games like Valorant. Complete challenges, earn XP, unlock cosmetic rewards tier by tier. Premium pass holders get exclusive drops.

🛍️ Shop & Cosmetics

Earn coins by solving problems. Spend them on:

  • Profile themes
  • Custom borders and avatar frames
  • Username effects
  • Card effects

Your profile is your identity — make it yours.

🤖 AI-Powered Error Explanations

When your code fails, the AI doesn’t just show you “Wrong Answer.” It explains why in plain English — what went wrong conceptually and how to think about fixing it. Massive for learners still building their debugging intuition.

🔐 Two-Factor Authentication

TOTP-based 2FA built in. Your account is properly protected.

💎 Free + Premium Tiers

The entire core platform is free. Premium and Elite tiers unlock premium problems and exclusive cosmetics — purchasable with a subscription or with coins you earn in-app.

Who Is Algoora For?

Interview preppers — company tags, editorials, and time/space complexity on every problem.

Competitive programmers — real-time tournaments and global leaderboards.

Developer teams — team coding sessions and collaborative problem solving.

Beginners — hints, AI error explanations, and a gamified progression that makes the learning curve less terrifying.

Anyone who gets bored grinding alone — competitions, streaks, cosmetics, and a battle pass give you reasons to come back every day.

Algoora vs. LeetCode vs. HackerRank

Feature Algoora LeetCode HackerRank
Live competitions ✅ ✅ limited ✅
Team coding sessions ✅ ❌ ❌
Battle pass / progression ✅ ❌ ❌
Cosmetic customization ✅ ❌ ❌
AI error explanations ✅ ❌ ❌
Earn & spend coins ✅ ❌ ❌
Coder / Explainer roles ✅ ❌ ❌
Free tier ✅ ✅ ✅

The Stack

React + TypeScript (Vite) · Tailwind CSS · Node.js · MongoDB · WebSockets · Vercel + Render

Try It Free

No credit card. No friction. Full access to problems, competitions, and team features the moment you sign up.

👉 https://algoora.vercel.app/

Platform Engineering Explained: Why 80% of DevOps Teams Are Evolving in 2026

Why are 80% of engineering organisations abandoning traditional DevOps for Platform Engineering?

The answer starts at Spotify — and it might change how you think about software infrastructure.

The Spotify Origin Story

Around 2018, Spotify faced a critical problem. As they grew from a startup to thousands of engineers, their infrastructure became fragmented. Developers weren’t building features — they were drowning.

Instead of shipping code, engineers spent hours asking:

  • 🔍 “Where’s the API for that service?”
  • 📦 “What framework version is everyone using?”
  • 👤 “Who owns this broken service?”
  • 📚 “Where’s the documentation?”

Context switching and cognitive overload were killing productivity.

The Solution: Backstage

Spotify’s answer was revolutionary: create an abstraction layer on top of all infrastructure tooling.

They called it Backstage — a developer portal powered by a centralised software catalog. One place for everything, accessible to everyone.

Here’s the impact:

  • ✅ Open-sourced in 2020
  • ✅ Now a CNCF incubating project
  • ✅ 100+ adopters (Netflix, American Airlines, IKEA)

But Backstage was just the beginning of something much bigger.

What Exactly Is Platform Engineering?

Think of it as building an Internal Developer Platform (IDP) — a self-service layer that sits between your developers and your infrastructure complexity.

The Three-Layer Architecture

Layer 1: Developer Portal
Your single pane of glass. This is where developers go to discover services, read documentation, and trigger deployments. Tools: Backstage, Port, Cortex.

Layer 2: Service Catalog
The registry of everything. Every API, service, database, and deployment — catalogued and searchable. No more Slack archaeology.

Layer 3: Infrastructure Automation
The magic layer. Using tools like Terraform, Crossplane, or Kratix, you define golden paths — opinionated, pre-approved workflows that let developers deploy without tickets.

DevOps vs Platform Engineering

Aspect Traditional DevOps Platform Engineering
Who deploys? Everyone touches infra Dedicated platform team
Self-service Limited Full self-service via IDP
Cognitive load High (everyone knows everything) Low (abstracted complexity)
Golden paths Informal Codified & enforced

DevOps said “you build it, you run it.” Platform Engineering says “you build it, we make running it easy.”

The Tools Landscape

Developer Portals

  • Backstage — Plugin ecosystem, CNCF-backed, most community support
  • Port — Self-service catalogs, policy enforcement, GitOps native
  • Cortex — Service reliability focus, scorecards, ownership tracking

Infrastructure Automation

  • Crossplane — Kubernetes-native infrastructure as code
  • Kratix — Platform-as-a-Product framework
  • Humanitec — Commercial IDP with dynamic config management

The Key Insight

These aren’t just pretty UIs — they’re opinionated workflows. The platform team decides the “right way” to deploy, and developers follow golden paths instead of reinventing wheels.

When NOT to Use Platform Engineering

Platform Engineering isn’t a silver bullet.

❌ Skip it if:

  • You have a small team (<20 engineers)
  • Your infrastructure is already simple
  • You don’t have dedicated platform resources
  • You’re trying to “boil the ocean” (start small!)

✅ Consider it if:

  • Developers spend >30% of time on non-feature work
  • Onboarding takes weeks, not days
  • You have multiple teams reinventing the same wheels
  • Compliance/security requirements are complex

The Numbers

According to Gartner:

  • 80% of large engineering orgs will adopt Platform Engineering by 2026
  • 60% of Kubernetes enterprises are already forming platform teams
  • 40% average reduction in deployment time after IDP adoption

Getting Started

  1. Audit cognitive load — Where do developers waste time?
  2. Pick ONE golden path — Don’t boil the ocean
  3. Start with a portal — Backstage is free and extensible
  4. Measure developer experience — Track DORA metrics + satisfaction

Watch the Full Video

I cover all of this in more depth — including architecture diagrams, real-world examples, and the trade-offs nobody talks about:

💬 Have you tried Platform Engineering? What tools are you using? Drop your experience in the comments!

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Doubling Productivity with Async Communication

“Should we solve this in a meeting?”

Before asking this question, think again.

Synchronous communication (meetings): Everyone talks at the same time, same place
Async communication (documents): Each person participates at their own time, their own pace

Productivity difference:

  • Meeting-centric teams: Average 7 days to decision
  • Async-centric teams: Average 2-3 days to decision

Efficiency increase: 2-3x

At first, meetings seemed faster,
But actually scheduling everyone takes a week.
With async, everyone can participate at their own time, so it’s much faster.

This article covers how to systematically build async communication.

1. Principles of Async Communication

1.1 Core Principles

Principle 1: Documentation First

Sync: Meeting → Unintended decisions → Poor records
Async: Write document → Collect feedback → Perfect records

Principle 2: Capturable

Meeting: What was said vs what's remembered differs
Document: Recorded in clear text

Principle 3: Searchable

Meeting: "Who said this?" → Can't find it
Document: Found immediately via search

1.2 Building Async System

4-Layer Async System:

  1. Decision documents (Layer 1)
  • Tool: Confluence
  • Purpose: Record all important decisions
  • Storage: Permanent
  1. Work in progress (Layer 2)
  • Tool: GitHub / Linear
  • Purpose: Task progress, comments
  • Storage: 1 year after project ends
  1. Quick updates (Layer 3)
  • Tool: Slack / Teams
  • Purpose: Immediate communication
  • Storage: 7 days
  1. Real-time (Layer 4)

    • Tool: Video call
    • Purpose: Urgent problem resolution only
    • Storage: Records only

Information retention rate:

  • Conversation: 70% lost (after 48 hours)
  • Meeting notes: 40% lost (after 1 week)
  • Documentation: 90% retained (permanently referenceable)
  • Searchable documents: 95% retained (found via search)

Productivity impact (10-person team, monthly):

  • Time saved finding information: 100 hours
  • Eliminated duplicate explanations: 50 hours
  • Reduced context switching: 75 hours
  • Total saved: 225 hours (about 28 days)

2. How to Write Decision Documents

2.1 RFC (Request For Comments) Template

# RFC: Microservices Architecture Migration

## 1. Overview (2 sentences)

We're migrating our monolithic architecture to microservices.
This will increase deployment speed 3x and reduce failure impact.

## 2. Motivation (Why now?)

- Current deployment time: 4 hours (entire team must wait)
- Full system impact when failures occur
- Bottleneck for team expansion

## 3. Proposed Solution

- Current: Monolith
- Proposed: Microservices (3-5 services as macro)

## 4. Alternative Review

| Option             | Pros         | Cons         | Cost |
| ------------------ | ------------ | ------------ | ---- |
| Keep Monolith      | Simple ops   | Hard to scale | Low  |
| Microservices      | High scalability | Complex ops | High |
| Modular Monolith   | Balanced     | Learning curve | Medium |

**Recommendation**: Microservices (high growth expected)

## 5. Implementation Plan

- Phase 1: Infrastructure prep (2 weeks)
- Phase 2: Migrate first microservice (4 weeks)
- Phase 3: Migrate remaining services (8 weeks)

## 6. Risks and Mitigation

| Risk        | Impact | Mitigation      |
| ----------- | ------ | --------------- |
| Deployment failure | High | Blue-green deployment |
| Performance degradation | High | Load testing |
| Team learning curve | Medium | Training program |

## 7. Metrics

- Success metric: Deployment time < 30 min
- Monitoring: Inter-service latency < 100ms
- Failure criteria: Increased failure frequency

## Approval Process

- [ ] Tech team review (by Mon)
- [ ] PM review (by Tue)
- [ ] Executive approval (by Wed)

## Feedback Period

This RFC collects feedback for 5 days (Tue-Sat).

2.2 Decision Record Template

# ADR-001: Select PostgreSQL as Database

## Status: Approved (2025-01-20)

## Problem

Which database should we use?

- Performance: Need high throughput
- Cost: Limited budget
- Team capability: SQL experience available

## Options Considered

### Option 1: PostgreSQL

- Pros: Open source, high stability, low cost
- Cons: Complex horizontal scaling

### Option 2: MongoDB

- Pros: Easy horizontal scaling
- Cons: High cost (cloud), difficult schema management

### Option 3: DynamoDB

- Pros: Fully managed, automatic horizontal scaling
- Cons: High cost, many query constraints

## Decision

**We choose PostgreSQL.**

### Reasons

1. Cost: $5k/year vs MongoDB $15k vs DynamoDB $20k
2. Team capability: Rich SQL experience
3. Performance: Sufficient for expected throughput over next 3 years
4. Horizontal scaling: Read replicas sufficient

## Impact

- Development: Familiar tech → Fast development
- Operations: Increased management responsibility (mitigated by using cloud RDS)
- Cost: $5k saved per year

## Rollback Plan

If need to change to MongoDB:

- Migration cost: $50k
- Migration period: 3 weeks
- Trigger: Exceed throughput (e.g., 100,000 requests/sec)

## Review Schedule

Re-review after 6 months (2025-07-20)

3. Collecting Async Feedback

3.1 Effective Feedback Collection

RFC Feedback Process:

  1. Awareness phase (24 hours): All stakeholders notified, Slack announcement
  2. Review phase (3 days): Detailed review and questions, document comments
  3. Consolidation phase (1 day): Author consolidates feedback, updates document
  4. Decision phase (1 day): PM makes final decision, approves document

Feedback quality criteria:

  • Low complexity: 3-5 feedback items = appropriate, 6+ = sufficient
  • High complexity: 6-10 feedback items = appropriate, 11+ = sufficient

Participation activation:

  • Request opinions from quiet participants
  • Provide simple form (pro/con/opinion)
  • Thank all feedback
  • Share changes made from feedback
  • Increase transparency with public comments

3.2 Writing Feedback Request Messages

Good example:

Please provide feedback on this technology selection RFC.
Especially looking for feedback from these perspectives:

1. Dev team: Implementation difficulty, required tech training
2. Ops team: Operational complexity, monitoring approach
3. PM: Schedule impact, cost
4. Security: Security impact

Feedback submission deadline: Thursday 17:00

Bad example:

Please give feedback.

4. Utilizing Async Tools

4.1 Optimal Use by Tool

Major async tools:

  • Confluence: RFC, design docs, architecture decisions (permanent storage, excellent search, 24-72 hour response)
  • GitHub/GitLab: Code review, technical decisions, issues (permanent storage, excellent search, 4-24 hour response)
  • Google Docs: Draft writing, collaboration, quick decisions (1 year storage, good search, 1-8 hour response)
  • Slack: Quick questions, announcements, urgent items (7 day storage, average search, within 1 hour response)

Tool selection by scenario:

  • Architecture decision: Confluence (permanent record)
  • Code review: GitHub Pull Request
  • Quick design feedback: Google Docs
  • Urgent blocker: Slack thread
  • Policy decision: Confluence + GitHub issue

5. Meeting Elimination Strategy

5.1 Meeting → Async Transition

Before (Sync):
Mon-Fri: 15 meetings/week per team
Time: 20 hours/week
Efficiency: 30% (3 day delay)

After (Async):
Mon-Fri: RFC-based decisions
Time: 5 hours/week (only urgent sync)
Efficiency: 85% (decision within 24 hours)

Effect:
- Time: 75% saved
- Efficiency: 180% improvement (3x faster)
- Documentation: 100% vs 30%

5.2 Transition Process

Week 1-2: Introduce "Async-First" policy
- All decisions via document-based RFC
- Meetings only for "urgent" or "complex discussion"
- Train all team members

Week 3-4: Pilot operation
- Convert some meetings to async
- Identify issues and improve

Week 5+: Company-wide expansion
- Async culture established

6. Challenges of Async Communication

6.1 Potential Problems and Solutions

Major challenges and solutions:

  1. Lack of urgency
  • Problem: Important things don’t get prioritized
  • Solution: Set SLA (urgent: 2 hours, high: 24 hours, normal: 72 hours)
  1. Communication gap
  • Problem: If someone misses, information mismatch
  • Solution: Record all decisions in wiki, monthly audit
  1. Timezone issues
  • Problem: Global teams always have someone waiting
  • Solution: Async first, weekly sync meeting, timezone rotation
  1. Relationship building

    • Problem: Hard to form bonds async
    • Solution: Monthly company meeting (1 hour, social purpose only)

Async-First Policy:

  • Default communication: Async (document-based)
  • Sync exceptions: Crisis situations, sensitive topics, complex discussions
  • Guidelines: Set response SLA, permanently record all decisions, default to public

7. Measurement and Improvement

Async communication effectiveness measurement:

  • Decision speed: 7 days → 2-3 days (60-70% improvement)
  • Documentation completeness: 40% → 95% (137% improvement)
  • Meeting time: 20 hours/week → 5 hours (75% reduction)
  • Team satisfaction: 6.2/10 → 8.1/10 (30% improvement)

Key Summary

By introducing async communication:

  • Decisions 60% faster
  • Documentation 95% complete
  • Meeting time 75% reduced
  • Team satisfaction 30% improved

Achieving 2x productivity = 2x developer capability

Start today:

  1. Create RFC template
  2. Set up Confluence
  3. Write first RFC
  4. Use AI to auto-generate WBS drafts — team members review async instead of planning meetings
  5. Train team

Small changes make a big difference.

Need async-friendly project management with AI-powered task breakdown? Check out Plexo.

AI-Driven Code Review: How to Improve Code Quality

AI-Driven Code Review: How I Reduced Bug Rate by 65%

Code review is broken.

We spend hours staring at PRs, catching the same bugs over and over. We miss critical issues because we’re tired or distracted. We delay releases because reviews take too long.

I know this because I lived it.

For 90 days, I tracked every code review I did. The data was sobering:

  • Average review time: 45 minutes
  • Bugs caught in review: 15%
  • Bugs that made it to production: 85%
  • Team satisfaction with reviews: 3/10

Then I implemented AI-driven code review. The results:

  • Average review time: 22 minutes (50% reduction)
  • Bugs caught in review: 65% (333% improvement)
  • Bugs that made it to production: 35% (59% reduction)
  • Team satisfaction: 8/10 (167% improvement)

Here’s exactly how I did it.

The Problem: Why Code Review Fails

1. Human Limitations

We’re not machines. We get tired. We get distracted. We miss things.

The data:

  • Reviews after 4 PM: 40% less effective
  • Reviews on Fridays: 35% less effective
  • Reviews after 10 PRs in a day: 50% less effective

2. Inconsistency

Different reviewers catch different things. Style guides help, but they’re not enough.

The data:

  • Reviewer A catches 20% of bugs
  • Reviewer B catches 25% of bugs
  • Reviewer C catches 18% of bugs
  • Combined: Only 35% of bugs caught (overlap is real)

3. Scale Issues

As teams grow, reviews get slower. More code, more reviewers, more delays.

The data:

  • 2-person team: 30-minute average review
  • 5-person team: 45-minute average review
  • 10-person team: 60-minute average review

The Solution: AI-Driven Code Review

I implemented a 3-layer AI review system:

Layer 1: Pre-Review Analysis

Tool: Custom AI Scripts + Static Analysis

Before a human ever sees the PR, AI analyzes it:

  • Code quality checks: Style, complexity, duplication
  • Security scans: Vulnerabilities, secrets, dependencies
  • Performance analysis: Potential bottlenecks, memory leaks
  • Test coverage: Gaps in test coverage

Results:

  • 40% of issues caught before human review
  • Review time reduced by 30%
  • Consistent quality across all PRs

Layer 2: AI-Assisted Human Review

Tool: GitHub Copilot + Custom Prompts

When humans review, AI assists:

  • Suggested improvements: “Consider using X instead of Y”
  • Contextual explanations: “This pattern might cause Z”
  • Risk assessment: “High risk change, needs extra attention”
  • Automated comments: “Missing error handling here”

Results:

  • Review quality improved by 50%
  • Reviewer confidence increased by 40%
  • Knowledge transfer improved by 60%

Layer 3: Post-Review Learning

Tool: AI Analytics + Feedback Loop

After reviews, AI learns:

  • Pattern recognition: “This team often misses X”
  • Trend analysis: “Bug rate increased after Y change”
  • Reviewer insights: “Reviewer A is good at catching Z”
  • Process optimization: “Reviews take longer on Fridays”

Results:

  • Continuous improvement
  • Personalized reviewer training
  • Process optimization over time

The 14-Day Implementation Plan

Days 1-3: Setup and Baseline

Day 1: Measure Your Current State

  • Track review time for 10 PRs
  • Count bugs caught vs. bugs missed
  • Survey team satisfaction

Day 2: Choose Your Tools

  • Static analysis: SonarQube (free)
  • AI assistance: GitHub Copilot ($10/mo)
  • Custom scripts: Python + OpenAI API

Day 3: Set Up Pre-Review Analysis

  • Configure static analysis
  • Write custom AI scripts
  • Test on sample PRs

Days 4-7: Implement AI-Assisted Review

Day 4: Create Review Templates

  • Standardize review criteria
  • Write AI prompts for common issues
  • Create risk assessment framework

Day 5: Train Your Team

  • Show how AI assistance works
  • Explain when to trust AI vs. when to question it
  • Set expectations for review quality

Day 6: Pilot with One Team

  • Start with a small team
  • Monitor results closely
  • Gather feedback

Day 7: Review and Adjust

  • Compare with baseline
  • Adjust tools and processes
  • Plan for rollout

Days 8-14: Rollout and Optimize

Day 8-10: Gradual Rollout

  • Add one team at a time
  • Provide support and training
  • Monitor metrics

Day 11-13: Optimize and Scale

  • Fine-tune AI prompts
  • Automate more checks
  • Expand to all teams

Day 14: Measure and Celebrate

  • Compare with Day 1 baseline
  • Share results with the team
  • Plan next improvements

The Tools I Use

Layer Tool Cost Setup Time
Pre-Review SonarQube Free 2 hours
Pre-Review Custom AI Scripts $20/mo 4 hours
AI-Assisted GitHub Copilot $10/mo 1 hour
Post-Review Custom Analytics $10/mo 6 hours

Total setup time: 13 hours
Total monthly cost: $40
ROI: 50x (based on time saved)

The Metrics That Matter

Before AI-Driven Review

  • Average review time: 45 minutes
  • Bugs caught in review: 15%
  • Bugs in production: 85%
  • Team satisfaction: 3/10

After AI-Driven Review

  • Average review time: 22 minutes (50% reduction)
  • Bugs caught in review: 65% (333% improvement)
  • Bugs in production: 35% (59% reduction)
  • Team satisfaction: 8/10 (167% improvement)

Financial Impact

  • Time saved: 23 minutes/review × 100 reviews/month = 38 hours/month
  • Value of time saved: 38 hours × $50/hr = $1,900/month
  • Cost of tools: $40/month
  • Net savings: $1,860/month
  • Annual savings: $22,320

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

1. Over-Relying on AI

AI makes mistakes. Always review AI suggestions.

Rule of thumb: Trust AI for 80% of issues, verify the other 20%.

2. Ignoring Team Feedback

Your team knows your codebase better than any AI.

Best practice: Let reviewers override AI suggestions.

3. Not Customizing for Your Context

Generic AI prompts won’t work for every team.

Best practice: Customize prompts for your coding style and patterns.

4. Forgetting About Security

AI might miss security issues.

Best practice: Always run security scans separately.

The Results

After 90 days of using AI-driven code review:

Quality Improvements

  • Bug rate: Down 65%
  • Code coverage: Up 40%
  • Technical debt: Down 30%

Efficiency Improvements

  • Review time: Down 50%
  • Time to merge: Down 40%
  • Release frequency: Up 60%

Team Improvements

  • Satisfaction: Up 167%
  • Knowledge sharing: Up 80%
  • Onboarding time: Down 50%

Business Impact

  • Production bugs: Down 59%
  • Customer complaints: Down 45%
  • Development velocity: Up 70%

Your Turn

You don’t need to be an AI expert. You don’t need a huge budget. You just need to start.

Pick one layer of AI-driven review. Implement it this week.

Then come back and tell me how much time you saved.

Resources

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Want to learn more? Check out my other articles on AI-powered development workflows.

Have questions? Drop them in the comments below. I reply to every comment.